Congressional Committee System
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The committee system is a functional necessity in congress, because it is the only way congress can get its legislative work done each year. The division of labor into manageable proportions is the primary place where information is gathered and meaningful legislation is crafted and unnecessary bills are eliminated. Committees specialize by handling with particular pieces of legislation, and many times the particular pieces can be sent to several different committees and these usual results in competition between the committees.
The first and most important factor in committee assignment is seniority; which is that the members that have been there longer are more likely to get the committee that he or she wants. Party loyalty keeps members in line, because if you have not been loyal to the party, then you wont get the committee you want. Specialization can help determine what committee he or she gets because it shows personal interest and expertise. Constituency concerns show that you have to deliver pork to the constituents. The last factor in committee assignment is reelection consideration, which has to do with what committee can send the most pork home.
Specialization and reciprocity mainly has to do with Intra committee logrolling. Doing so will reciprocate votes for each other with in the committee and get each other's bills through...