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Institutional racism is the action taken by a social system or institution, which results in a negative outcome for members of a certain group. ... In both Thicker than Blood: How Racial statistics lie and Whitewashing race: The myth of a Color-blind Society, the authors reconfigure the prevailing attitudes of race and racism, and implement ways societies and education can look past the statistics and see the true picture. ... The problem is not with racism, rather the misinterpretations of the race-differentiated data. ... It is in these racially manipulated statistics that the prevalence of institutional racism becomes evident. Whether it is societal, educational or governmental, racism is a detrimental facet,
that is consistently plaguing the citizens of this country. ... It is these transfigurations that evade the social reality of race, and thus lends to institutional racism. ... ”
While Whitewashing Race, does not deny the economic advances of black Americans since the 1960’s, statistics and research still demonstrate the persistence of racism in many facets of society- including labor markets, health care and education. ... They also focus on several groups that have particular interests and views concerning race and racism.
Racial Realists attest that racism in a sense has vanished, and has been replaced with a type of class or “caste system. ... There are still others that do not take a definitive stance on racism, rather they “blame the victim,” and declare minorities unambitious in their pursuit of wealth or a higher standard of living. ...
Fortunately there are several programs that assist in the advancement of minorities, however due to institutional racism, these programs are often camouflaged to the general public. ...
Both Whitewashing Race and Thicker than Blood indicate that racism is a black and white issue and not a white and non-white issue. ... Even though both books agree that there has been a decline in racism since 1940, each has their idea on the true advancement of minorities. ...
A racist society is one in which social policies, procedures, decisions, habits and acts do in fact subjugate a race of people and permit another race to maintain control over them…racism may be expressed as an individual act or as an institutional practice. ... Also, it provides for a better understanding of what is meant by institutional racism. ... Franklin Frazier explained this present condition as the culmination of an evolutional process, its structure strongly affected the vestiges of slavery, racism and economic exploitation. ... ” (Staples 1987)
From a personal account of a white teacher working in an inner city school, Evelyn Hansen reflects on institutional racism. Evelyn Hansen, in an excerpt from Phi Delta Kappan, reflects on the overwhelming complexity of institutional racism in minority settings of the educational system. ... When do we acknowledge institutional racism as a detriment to the academic achievement of minority students? ... We as educators must move away from our comfort zones, and continually try to bridge the gap that institutional racism unknowingly widens. ...
I n another article, Marvin Berlowitz, Chairmen of educational foundations at the University of Cincinnati, sites institutional racism as a cause for inadequate staffing at an urban school. ... (Berlowitz 1971)
Institutional racism is highly prevalent in both societal and educational institutions. As the authors from both Whitewashing Race and Thicker than blood
Elicit, there is a long way to go to eliminate racism, in any form, from the general public.
Approximate Word count = 2693
Approximate Pages = 10.8
(250 words per page double spaced)
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