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Abstract
Ludwig von Bertalanffy suggests that two fundamentally different types of systems exist, namely, open and closed. Biological systems are open systems. ... A closed human social system will suffer the same inevitable fate as the mechanistic system; movement towards equilibrium results in a progressive increase in isolation from their environment, in turn the ability to change and adapt is lost. ...
The purpose of this paper is to discuss aspects of open systems theory as it is applies to the operation of organisations, namely hotels in Malaysia, and their managers, generally, and in the context of the 2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and events preceding. ... 0 Open and Closed Systems 2
3. ... The impact of SARS on these organisations from the open system aspect of a performing and learning organisation will also be alluded to.
A framework of 10 organisational characteristics describing an organisation as an open system possessing system characteristics such as: inputs, processes, outputs and cycling of events is provided by Katz and Kahn2. ... 0 Open and Closed Systems
When social systems are created, they may either open or closed. Systems that initially were created open may over time become closed. A key issue for managers to remember is that open systems are alive and active; closed ones drive toward static equilibrium and eventually entropy. How the people within a system define its reason for existing gives the distinction between that system being open or closed.
Each open social system exists to provide a transaction between two entities. ... An organisation which fails see this interdependence is in fact a closed system. ... In failing to consider the guests needs the owners are creating a closed system. ... Regardless whether the new organisation is intended to be open or closed, the managers are required to be highly creative. ... Change is about moving the system from one state of equilibrium to another. When equilibrium is disturbed, the forces for and against change move the system to another point of balance. ... 0 Learning Organisations
The dynamics of open social systems can be described as an alternation between performance and learning.
Approximate Word count = 1663
Approximate Pages = 6.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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