Microbial Diseases of Nervous System Neisseria Meningitidis Rabies Cryptococcosis
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INTRODUCTION
The human nervous system contains two divisions called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves that branch off from the brain and the spinal cord. The brain and the spinal cord have continuous membranes called meninges mater, arachnoid, and pia mater that act as a protective covering. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates between the subarchnoid space, which lies between the pia mater and arachnoid membranes. The blood-brain is important in that these capillaries are less permeable and are selective in passing materials from the blood to the brain. Substances in the blood that can rapidly enter into the brain include glucose, the most important source of energy that includes certain ions that maintain a proper medium for electrical activity, and oxygen for cellular respiration. Certain alterations of the brain may alter the blood-brain barrier to allow certain drugs to pass and enter the brain. Microorganisms may also pass the protection of the central nervous system when there has been a fracture, medical procedure, and trauma allowing them to move along the peripheral nerves. The most common area on penetration through the central nervous system is by the bloodstream and lymphatic system, when there is penetration to the blood-brain barrier such as inflammation...