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...
During the year of 1989, the school district of Vernonia Oregon, a small community of about three thousand people, began to require random drug testing of all student athletes. ...
During the school year of 1992, James Acton, then a seventh grader, wanted to try out for his schools football team. ... When Acton was presented with the consent form for random urinalysis testing, he and his parents refused to sign them. ... ” Acton’s parents felt that a search for drugs in their sons system was invasion of James personal privacy, and that the search was not justified since James never was suspected of using drugs. ... The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) represented the Acton’s. ... The Acton’s were unhappy with the decision they were given. ... The Acton’s went to trial again, and this time, the Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit ruled that the drug test had infact violated James Acton’s right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment.
Approximate Word count = 728 Approximate Pages = 2.9 (250 words per page double spaced)
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