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... GPRS and 3G. ... In the end I would conclude on future evolution of GPRS and 3G mobile systems and their ability to incorporate to the actual needs and aspirations of consumer and business world. ... Further moving on to the 3G would require the implementation of UMTS/WCDMA according to 3GPP standards. ... 2 3rd Generation
The standards for 3G systems are chalked out by ITU (International Telecom Union). Due to the fact that currently there are different standards of cellular technology in operation at several countries around the world; there are two paths leading to achieve the standards of 3G described below:
§ 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
Based on GSM/GPRS systems. ...
§ 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
Based on current CDMA systems. ...
Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS) is the widely used European name for 3G. ... 3G combines high-speed mobile access with Internet Protocol (IP) based services.
3G has following features:
§ High Speed (expected theoretical data rate up to 2Mbps would be achievable in future and 144 kbps at high mobility)
§ Support for Multimedia services (video conferencing, mp3 transfer, EMS)
§ Bandwidth on demand
§ New/Better user friendly Application (web browsing, mms, ftp, online games etc)
§ All Packet Switched and IP based network (Everything on packets, concept of data transfer for voice)
§ Internet Everywhere (remote access while roaming to the www)
With 3G the mobile handset would become very much multimedia device where user can download music and video files and play even online games.
In the following picture the standard evolution path from 2G to 3G standards has been shown:
Fig. ... 2 Move toward 3G [9]
CHAPTER 2
GPRS ARCHITECTURE
GPRS uses new coding schemes. ... It also makes room for future expansion with the addition of two new nodes, which ensure maximum transparency among nodes. ... Since 8 PSK will also be used for UMTS, network operators will need to incorporate it at some stage to make the transition to 3G systems [12]. ...
CHAPTER 4
TOWARDS 3G
This is worth mentioning here that although both 3GPP and 3GPP2 have chosen CDMA as the technology behind the 3G systems, the systems advocated by these two groups are different.
I will briefly describe below the extension of GPRS networks to 3G systems based on the specifications defined by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). ... 1 3GPP Network Architecture:
UMTS uses Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WCDMA to implement 3G systems. ... W-CDMA [6]
The 3G networks will have a layered architecture, which will enable the efficient delivery of voice and data services. ... 2 3G System Simplified Network [8]
UMTS maintains two major types of network nodes for its implementation. They are: Node B (groups of transmitters) and RNC (Radio Network controllers) these corresponds to BTS and BSC nodes in GSM/GPRS systems. ...
A more specific diagram of 3G system based on UMTS is shown below:
Fig 4. ... 2 Limitations of 3G
High Cost
The implementation of 3G systems is very expensive for mobile operators, considering the fact that recently they have upgraded their network from GSM to GPRS and then to EDGE and W-CDMA. 3G standards are not compatible with TDMA technology, and hence the need for massive upgrades is needed. This means that 3G services would not be cheap for the end user as well. ...
Limited resources available
Like GPRS 3G is also facing problem of limited physical and radio resources to support a realistic implementation of its multimedia features.
Uncertainty about Timeframe
Due to limited resources available and difficulty in achieving required quality mobile the 3G progresses has been slowed down and there is uncertainty about the actual timeline of the 3G systems. Japan is the first country to go ahead with 3G standards till now that too with limited success. ...
Traffic Congestion
Due to the inclusion of numerous multimedia services provided by the 3G standards the packets traffic can become too congested during peak time. ...
Limited Battery time of Terminals
The average battery time of the mobile devices used to access 3G services goes down significantly fast thus causing a major concern for the user and mobile phone manufactures to come up with better devices to suit new standards.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Though it is a fact that GPRS and 3G are the only way to move forward in mobile communication industry for TDMA based networks. 3G systems are the next step forward to eventually make way for 4G standards.
However, GPRS/3G is still slightly lacking to provide promised multimedia applications/services possible on mobile devices. ... Due to the financial constraints and delay in implementation of 3G standards some analysts have now become skeptical about the need of 3G standards at all and are calling for move to 4G straightaway. ... Now telecommunication industry is also anticipating some more unforeseen problems that might come as number of hosts simultaneously using 3G multimedia services increases in future. ... The success of 3G also relies on GPRS success to some extent.
There are some positive signs as well regarding the 3G markets. Some studies predict that 3G can be a huge success and could provide much needed large revenues from the mobile market. In future a common set of IP Mobility protocols are needed to provide network level mobility between different access networks.
Approximate Word count = 4314
Approximate Pages = 17.3
(250 words per page double spaced)
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