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VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE LOWER LIMB Venous drainage of the lower limb occurs in two directions: a) from distal sites toward the heart, therefore in the "anterograde" or "dromic" or "centripetal" direction; b) from the surface level to the deep level, therefore in the "cutifugal" direction (or, away from the skin). This general outline however has two exceptions. First, part of the blood contained in the venous sole of the foot (about 10%) is directed during weight-bearing toward the dorsal network; beginning from the marginal veins, which are the branches of origin of the internal and external saphenous veins, it flows from the deep level toward the superficial. Second, the blood contained in the collaterals of the saphenofemoral junction flows from the abdomen toward the groin. In the absence of muscular activity, the basic venous return occurs in virtue of the pressure gradient existing between residual venous pressure (that is, what remains of the initial push given by the heart to the circulating blood) and right atrial pressure. In addition, the area of vessel segment where several branches have confluence is always less than the total area represented by the individual branch segments.
Approximate Word count = 685
Approximate Pages = 2.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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