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Chapter 11: Infection is triggered by various pathogens A vector is a biological or physical vehicle that carries the agent to the host—provides the means of transmission The tiniest pathogens—viruses—are also the toughest Herpes viruses, which take up permanent residence in the cells and flare up periodically A type of retrovirus is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Simple one-celled organisms, bacteria are the most plentiful microorganisms as well as the most pathogenic Protozoa are single-celled and release enzymes and toxins that destroy cells or interfere with their function Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs and compete with the host for nutrients are called helminths The incubation period is the time between invasion and the first symptom An antigen is any substance that enters the body and triggers production of an antibody The lymph nodes or glands are small tissue masses in which some protective cells are stored Allergies, which essentially represent a hypersensitivity to a substance in our environment or diet Autoimmune disorders result when the immune system fails to recognize body tissue as self and attacks it Tetanus = lockjaw Most serious result of rubella is the destructive effect it has on an unborn baby Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially deadly disease associated with the use of tampons, particularly high-absorbency types Lyme disease, a bacterial infection, is spread by ticks carrying a particular bacterium The most widespread STD bacterium in the US is chlamydia Gonorrhea, the leading cause of sterility in women, can cause PID Chapter 2: The upper two chambers of the heart = atrium Contraction of the ventricles is called the systole the period of relaxation between contractions = diastole the heart is surrounded by the pericardium which consists of two layers of a tough membrane the right ventricle pumps blood, via the pulmonary arteries to the lungs the capillaries are the smallest blood vessels of all the blood within the capillaries supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells to the tissues a balanced, low-fat diet is the best recipe for a healthy heart increased intake of the B vitamins, particularly folate can lower elevated levels of homocysteine, a naturally occurring amino acid and a recently identified risk factor for heart disease high blood pressure = hypertension cholesterol is a fatty substance found in certain foods and also manufactured you can lower blood cholesterol levels by cutting back on high-fat foods and exercising more, thereby reducing risk of a heart attack lipoproteins are compounds in the blood that are made of proteins and fat.
Approximate Word count = 1297
Approximate Pages = 5.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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