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... So when asking the question about national identity, it is first necessary to assume the modern concept of nation.
At the heart of the problem when assuming the concept of nation has been the issue of self-determination. It was the intention of self-determination that all peoples would be free to determine their own political allegiance and in doing so determine their own national identity. ... 3In December 1992, the united nations finally adopted its declaration on the rights of persons belonging to National or Ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities which calls on state parties to protect the existence and identity of minorities and requires the interests of members of minorities to be given due regard in national policies and programs. ... immigrant) The Chinese and the Indians in South-East Asia belong to the non-indigenous category. ... This is heavily reflected in South-East Asia’s government’s policies and constitutions towards the non-indigenous population.
Thailand and The Philippines are two countries that define nation in cultural terms; therefore their non-indigenous minority cultures are often taken into consideration. Ethnic Chinese in the Philippines or in Thailand become a Thai or Filipino if the person has adopted the local culture. ... The densely populated island of Java has three major indigenous groups speaking different languages. ... With a population of around 75 million in 1994, the Javanese are by far the largest ethnic group in Indonesia but in the national population of 200 million is well short of being a majority, despite their political and economic dominance. ... Whereas the Singaporean state has sufficient administrative and ideological capability to implement its ethnic management strategies in a reasonably competent way, the Burmese state has no such capacity and merely has a disruptive impact upon targeted communities. ... 8 In Indonesia, incorporation has been used more then amalgamation although in the Thailand and the Philippines amalgamation has been used more then incorporation. ... The ethnic Chinese in these countries are expected to assume indigenous names, speak the national language of the country and eventually take pride in the national symbols. ...
Of these three countries the most radical has been Indonesia. Indonesia has eliminated three pillars, in which have sustained Chinese society and identity, mainly, Chinese schools, the Chinese mass media (especially the press) and Chinese associations. ... In both countries the nation has been defined more in cultural then racial terms, therefore the result is amalgamation. ...
In Vietnam education for minorities is in the national language, which the government sees as a force for national unity. ... 18 At present there are fifty-five recognized national minorities in China. ... 19
Thai policy towards hill tribes is very supportive. ...
Malaysia has been more liberal because of the presence of Chinese political and economic influence.
Approximate Word count = 2255
Approximate Pages = 9
(250 words per page double spaced)
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