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Northern Ireland-Secessionist War
The problems in Northern Ireland did not erupt at any specific one time, but is the result of several years of incidents between Catholics and Protestants. This latest episode of long-standing conflict between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland has been going on for nearly thirty years, and although a peace agreement has been reached, a peaceful resolution to this struggle has not been reached. ... Between 1968 and 1994, over 3,500 people died and over 35,000 were injured in Northern Ireland as a direct result of the fighting. ...
The economy of Northern Ireland has also been deeply affected by the ongoing conflict. Manufacturing employment in Northern Ireland has declined by 40% since the beginning of the conflict, which has increased Northern Ireland’s dependence on Great Britain. ... In fact, growth in government and security service jobs held off increases in unemployment until 1979, when Northern Ireland joined the rest of the world in recession due to an oil shock. ...
History
Understanding the historical hatred between the Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, it is necessary to understand past conflicts between the two groups and the reasons they have remained separated throughout history. Great Britain ruled Catholic Ireland for a considerable portion of its history, from the twelfth century to 1920. ... Mistrust and bad feelings resulted from the Protestant settlers were followed by centuries of political and social segregation between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland. After the victory of William of Orange (the Protestant challenger who dethroned the Catholic king, James II), laws were enacted by the all-Protestant Parliament of Ireland barring Catholics from all offices, land ownership, schooling, and other avenues leading to wealth and education (Darby 1976, 4). ... The escalating violence and rebellion forced Great Britain to consider granting Ireland some form of “Home Rule”, a limited form of self-government. ... The result was the partitioning of Ireland into the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in 1920 (Rowthorn and Wayne 1988, 24).
The Partition of Ireland did little to ease the mistrust and separateness between Catholics and Protestants left in the six counties of Ulster. ... In addition, marriages in Northern Ireland primarily take place with people from the same local area, creating elaborate family-based structures that tend to be exclusionary and segregated (Darby 1976, 37). ...
Many believe that violence in Northern Ireland stems from discrimination between the two groups. Political influence has been one of the forms used to discriminate in Northern Ireland.
Political Power
Politics in Northern Ireland have always been dominated by the need for Protestant controls over government and its processes. The requirement that a Protestant majority be created in Northern Ireland was a major factor in drawing the boundaries for the Partition of Ireland. Northern Ireland is composed of six of the original nine counties of the province of Ulster. The remaining three counties of Ulster were not included in Northern Ireland due to a higher percentage of Catholics in those counties. ... The Irish Free State in the south (which later became the Republic of Ireland), and the Northern Ireland were allowed to elect their own parliaments, implement local laws, and conduct their own internal affairs. Stormont, the parliament of Northern Ireland, was given control over its own affairs, with exception of minting money, conducting foreign affairs, and raising an army. ...
Under representation of Catholics extended throughout Northern Ireland’s government. ...
Acts aimed at increasing security but used to discriminate against Catholics were used by Stormont Parliament to ensure Protestant control of Northern Ireland.
Approximate Word count = 2858
Approximate Pages = 11.4
(250 words per page double spaced)
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