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paper is an overview of four important areas of management theory: Frederick Taylors Scientific Management, Elton Mayos Hawthorne Works experiments and the human relations movement, Max Webers idealized bureaucracy, and Henri Fayols views on administration. It will provide a general description of each of these management theories together with observations on the environment in which these theories were applied and the successes that they achieved.
Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management
Description
Frederick Taylor, with his theories of Scientific Management, started the era of modern management. ... He advocated a change from the old system of personal management to a new system of scientific management. Under personal management, a captain of industry was expected to be personally brilliant. ...
Taylor consistently sought to overthrow management "by rule of thumb" and replace it with actual timed observations leading to "the one best" practice. ... He believed that " a spirit of hearty cooperation" would develop between workers and management and that cooperation would ensure that the workers would follow the "one best practice." Under these philosophies Taylor further believed that the workload would be evenly shared between the workers and management with management performing the science and instruction and the workers performing the labor, each group doing "the work for which it was best suited. ... "
And:
"to work according to scientific laws, the management must takeover and perform much of the work which is now left to the men; almost every act of the workman should be preceded by one or more preparatory acts of the management which enable him to do his work better and quicker than he otherwise could."
The Principles of Scientific Management
Environment
Taylors work was strongly influenced by his social/historical period. ... Autocratic management was the norm. ...
Successes
Scientific management met with significant success. Taylors personal work included papers on the science of cutting metal, coal shovel design, worker incentive schemes and a piece rate system for shop management. ... Finally the group was not strongly supervised by management, but instead had a great deal of freedom. ... These principles included: fixed and official jurisdictional areas, a firmly ordered hierarchy of super and subordination, management based on written records, thorough and expert training, official activity taking priority over other activities and that management of a given organization follows stable, knowable rules. ... Henri Fayol focuses on the personal duties of management at a much more granular level than Weber did. While Weber laid out principles for an ideal bureaucratic organization Fayol’s work is more directed at the management layer.
Approximate Word count = 2047
Approximate Pages = 8.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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