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Kirk and Tinning (1990) explain how research agencies and the press have be conducting physical fitness surveys in schools after there have been concerns about a child’s health. With the help of the national curriculum physical education has become more recognised through schools. Thomas (1991) cited in Armstrong & Sparkes (1991) suggested that equal treatment for men and woman embodied in our law needed to be supported in the curricular and was essential that equal circular opportunity was available to both boys and girls. ... Boys were pushed into becoming tough and aggressive within PE lessons so they could become stronger and self prepared. ...
Dudley Education Services (1990) follows guidelines of the national curriculum, which says,“Pupils should receive full equality of access and entitlement in all areas of curriculum. Girls and boys should participate together in appropriate physical activities with decisions about mixed groups”. (pp 27) Although the curriculum stated that girls and boys should participate together Hargreaves (1994) shows how sex stereotyping in games still happens, which started in primary schools as the older girls and boys where separated for competitive team games. ... This stereotyping carried on after school where there was a tradition of single sex competitions such as local league football for boys and netball for the girls. Images of gender still remained intact.
Williams (1989) shows how primary aged girls and boys have sex -linked attitudes to their experience outside school as separate programmes of games is what many children
expect and accept. Girls and boys accept these separate programmes because of the influences that relate to how a teacher delivers their session to a child. Talbot (1995) talks about how teachers claim they espouse equality of opportunity for all children but their teaching behaviours and practices reveal entrenched sex stereotyping, based on what is suitable for girls and boys, both in single-sex and mixed groups and schools. ... Boys in turn were inpatient with the slower pace of drill and lead up games in co-educational classes and were eager to participate in traditional competitive games”. (pp 753-754) Cockburn (2001) showed that in doing a survey of how girls felt when playing games with boys, the majority of them said they felt embarrassed because boys laughed at them if they couldn’t kick the ball. Williams (1989) survey showed that some of the boys didn’t mind the girls playing games with them but found it frustrating when they couldn’t win the game because the girls where too slow. Other research of Williams (1989) showed that boys felt intimidating if the girls were better than them at certain games skills. ... Thomas et al (1998) explains how boys fat remains relatively stable at 15% from 6-17 years of age while girls show steady increase from 15% up to the age of 6 years and 29% to the age of 17 years. ...
Thomas et al (1988) shows that there were high levels of participation in PE outside school rather than in side schools and on doing a girls report it showed that the activities offered to girls in schools were not what they wanted or liked doing.
Approximate Word count = 2414
Approximate Pages = 9.7
(250 words per page double spaced)
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