123 School Work

I cant think of anything

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  Philosophy Notes
  Logos- certain kind of thinking
  -Logical, rational analysis that explains within the context of reason
  -"Sophia" means wisdom
  -Greeks devoted to thinking, lovers of wisdom
  -Love means "philo" hence the word "philosopher"
  Why did philosophy begin with the Greeks?
  -There was no priestly caste to censor/influence people's thoughts
  which let the Greeks demand rational explanations instead of only attributing it to the supernatural
  What is philosophy?
  -Plato said that things would only be right if philosophers ruled the world
  -Other said philosophy teaches that there is no meaning to anything, which would make ruling difficult
  -Could also be described as a "no man's land" between science and theology, exposed to attack from either side
  To explain natural phenomena
  -Greeks examined their natural surroundings and
  -Did not credit the supernatural
  Thales
  -First man to be called "wise"
  -Greeks like him disentangled science and magic without first thinking of God and dared to question the world
  -early philosophers were looking for the unity of things
  -ex. Thales thought everything was made of water
  Protagoras
  -declared that "man was the measure of all things"
  Greeks valued(shown in Homer's epics)
  -wisdom sophia
  -courage arete
  The revolutionary aspect of this type of thinking was
  -the belief that anyone could learn and anyone could acquire these virtues, even peasants
  Pythagoras (572-500 BC)
  -"all things are numbers"
  - systematic thinking through deductive reasoning
  Heroclitus
  -"everything is in a state of flux, hence you cannot step in the same river twice"
  -impressed Plato and his philosophy became the notion of natural law
  Parmenides
  -"nothing cannot be without thinking of it as something"
  -said that there is no "nothing" but there is only "being" so there is no place were "being" is not
  Democritus
  -the world is composed of material bodies (atoms)
  Philosophers undermined the traditional, religious and moral values of society, which led to chaos because everything was being questioned
  Sophists
  -"wise guys"
  -swayed the masses with arguments (not necessarily ethical or truthful)
  -were professional teachers
  -said that "if there were anything, no one would know it"
  Socrates
  -TRUTH=honesty
  -TRUTH=integrity
  -"the unexamined life is not worth living"
  -Socratic method of questioning, answering a question with another question
  -soul was the source of all truth
  -wrote no books, his conversations were published by his student Plato in dialogues
  -indicted for teaching false doctrines and corrupting his student's minds
  Plato
  -student of Socrates
  -founded the Academy
  -eternal truths exist
  -all knowledge is knowledge of the Good
  -know Good, become Good
  -wrote dialogues
  Plato's Myth of the Cave
  -in the "Republic"
  -one's immortal soul is born with the truth
  -but birth is so traumatic that one forgets what one knows
  -then, one spends life seeking what one really knows (psychology)
  -Plato said that all knowledge is recollection (became Freudian concept of the unconscious)
  The Repubic
  -perfect government should be ruled by a philosopher king who knows Good (enlightened monarchy)
  soldiers oligarchy
  masses democracy
  -live commonly
  -however, did not challenge slavery
  Aristotle (scientist)
  -student of Plato
  -tutored Alexander the Great
  -founded the Lyceum, the first science school
  -first to attempt classification of knowledge
  
  
  
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