Cause effects Of Learning
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Cause & Effects of Learning
Cause and effects of Behaviorism is a theory of animal and human learning that focuses on objectively observable behaviors; behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior through a process of conditioning.
Classic conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus; a certain stimulus will produce a biological response. The most popular example is Pavlov's observation that dogs salivate when they eat or even see food.
Behavioral or operant conditioning occurs when a response to a stimulus is reinforced. Operant conditioning is focused on consistent feedback: if a reward or reinforcement follows the response to a stimulus, then the response is reinforced and is therefore highly likely to be the chosen behavior afterwards.
In classical conditioning, the experimenter knows that his subject will exhibit a reflexive (biological) reaction, called an unconditioned response when the subject is presented with some kind of natural stimulus, called the unconditioned stimulus. Using this knowledge, the experimenter teaches the animal to associate the unconditioned stimulus with something that does not naturally elicit the unconditioned response, causing the same reflexive reaction to both the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus. The reaction, when caused by the conditioned stimulus, is called the conditioned response.
If after giving a subject many reinforced trials, the subject begins to consistently receive unreinforced trials, the subject will decide that the conditioning stimulus is no longer a reliable cue for the unconditioned stimulus, and so the conditioned response will weaken. With a sufficient number of unreinforced trials, the subject's conditioned response will disappear completely this lessening and disappearance of conditioned response is known as extinction...