computing
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The first means of counting were threaded beads or pebbles. They were used like an abacus (which hadn't yet been invented.) These counting boards were used from 450BC. Until 800AD when the Hindu decimal system was introduced by Muhammed idn Musa Al-Khwarizmi.
In 1594 the Natural Logarithm was developed by Lord John Napier. He also invented a mechanical calculator which allowed numbers to be multiplied easily. Antonius Braun developed the first basic calculator in 1727, allowing numbers to be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided. A more advanced calculator was designed in 1822 by Charles Babbage who designed a calculator which operated by punched cards and allowed the results to be printed out on paper.
In 1834 Charles Babbage designed a machine which included an input unit, the Algorithmic Unit, the Central Controller and an output unit. He built a small model of
this machine, The Analytical Engine...