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Quarks
Chemistry Research Paper: Quarks Quarks are defined as 'The basic constituent particles, of which "elementary" particles are now believed to be composed' (Quarks, 73). Models built on the quarks have been very successful in explaining and predicting many phenomena's. The breakthrough or the invention of the quark came in 1964 when Gell-Man and George Zweig (1937-), a scientist working at the Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN) Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, proposed that quark are the fundamental building blocks of matter, all matter is composed of quarks and that hardons are made up of more elementary particles. 'Hadrons are defined as particles that are sensitive to strong force.' (Inside the Quark, 32) 'In Gell-Mann original works there were 3 types of quarks, called flavors by physicists: an "up" quark, a "down" quark, and a "strange" quark.' (Quarks, 84-87). Each quark had an antiquark. The most extraordinary feature of quarks, was that, 'to any previously observed particles, they had fractional charges' (The study of Quarks). The quark model that Gell-Man claimed that every hardon could be built up from a combination of quarks. These were the combinations and rules which were proposed: 1...