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Chapter 7: 1. What gives each sound its own distinctive timbre? The overtone series gives each sound its own distinctive timbre because the particular overtone of the series that resonate along with the fundamental pitch determine the timbre of the sound. 2. What are three things are necessary in order to produce a sound? To produce a sound are necessary three things such as a physical object, which is vibrating, a medium to carry the vibration or sound object, and an ear to hear the sound and change it into something significant. 3. What are the five categories of instruments in the Sachs-Hornbostel system? The five categories are chordophones, aarophones, membranophones, idiophones, and electrophones. Chordophones are instruments with one or more strings stretched between fixed points. Aarophones are instruments in which air is the principal means of vibration. Membranophones are instruments which vibrate by means of tightly stretched skins of membranes. Idiophones are instruments which sounded by the substance of the instrument itself. Electrophones are which produce sound by electronic means, either by oscillation or by electromagnetic or electrostatic methods. 4. What are the major sections in the contemporary symphony orchestra? The main sections are strings, winds, brasses, and struck. Strings include first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double-basses. Winds include oboes, flutes, piccolo, clarinets, English horn, and bassoons. Brasses include trumpets, French horns, trombones, and tuba. Struck instruments include timpani, woodblocks, and keypercussion. 5. What are some of the tumbrel qualities of the North Indian sitar that give it a different sound than the guitar? The sitar has no sound hole. In comparison to the guitar, which has a single resonating hardwood body and a solid wooden neck, the sitar has a gourd resonator at its base, a hollow, resonate wooden neck, and in many cases a second gourd resonator attached near the upper end of the neck. The sound of the sitar fills the performance space, instead of moving from the instrument to the listeners. Chapter 8: 2. Define the four main categories of musical texture. The four main categories of musical texture are monophony, heterophony, polyphony, and homophony. Monophony is a style of composition in which all simultaneous 'lines' or voices have pitches which are in unison or 'octave' relationship. Heterophony means that multiple parts use the same melody, but at somewhat different times. Polyphony is a style of composition in which various more-or-less independent 'lines' occur simultaneously. Homophony is a style of composition in which various simultaneous 'lines' have notes whose start-times and durations are more-or-less the same but whose pitches are different. 4. What is the prevailing texture in the steel band? The prevailing texture in the steel band is homophonic, when we a have a dominant melody, which is played on the lead instruments, and supportive fundamental lines, including a rhythm section. Even though, the steel band presents different types of music, and therefore, it presents monophonic and polyphonic compositions too, as well as pieces, which have three textures within one composition. 6. What kinds of instruments are found in a Central Javanese gamelan? Javanese gamelan uses a whole ensemble of instruments.
Approximate Word count = 2060
Approximate Pages = 8.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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