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FIBER TO THE X
FIBER SOLUTIONS TO THE HOME, CURB, AND BUSINESS
Contributors:
Sandra Alton, Robert Applegate, Lisa Fletcher,
Cristofer Ivanov, Chad Redwine
NTC/360 – Network and Telecommunications I
Lawrence Ooi
Date: 8/18/04
Table of Content
FIBER TO THE X 1
FIBER SOLUTIONS TO THE HOME, CURB, AND BUSINESS 1
Introduction 3
FttH and FttC connectivity solutions 4
History and recent developments in FttH and FttC 5
Passive Optical Networking (PON) 10
PON Components 12
PON Communication 13
Fiber Optic Cable 15
Conclusion 18
Reference List 20
FIBER TO THE X
FIBER SOLUTIONS TO THE HOME, CURB, AND BUSINESS
Introduction
Last Mile. ... Be it Fiber to the Home (FTTH), Fiber to the Business (FTTB), Fiber to Multi-Tenant Dwellings (FTT MDU) or Fiber to the Curb (FTTC), the demand for high-speed data access and the associated enhancements to broadband video and voice traffic cannot be supported long term over the existing copper cabling infrastructure. Fiber optic cable offers virtually limitless bandwidth carrying capacity that will support data, video and voice now and well into the future. ...
Fiber Optics seems to be the idea solution. Approximately 30 years ago fiber optic development began and was installed commercially for the first time in 1976. By the 1980’s fiber connected the major cities in the US. Companies started installing fiber to connect their networks. Is it time to install fiber to the Home? ... But while these hardware companies must focus on improving their core technologies, service providers who intend to offer fiber to the x connectivity will also require cost effective and reliable physical layer products, design services and support to ensure that their FttX deployments are reliable, competitive, scalable and profitable. This document focuses on FttH and FttC connectivity solutions, and their history and recent developments, as well as Passive Optical Networks (PON), and fiber optic cabling.
FttH and FttC connectivity solutions
Private persons, people working at home (such as students) and small businesses feel the need for more bandwidth in their homes for fast Internet, among other things. This increase in demand and the developments in regulations have made it interesting to consider recent developments in the possibilities of bringing the optical fiber infrastructure into the homes - Fiber-to-the-Home (FttH) - or as closely as possible to the homes - Fiber-to-the-Curb or Cabinet (FttC). ...
In both cases due attention should be given to the connecting facilities inside the home, such as network termination and home networking. ... These first mile projects require different organizational and financial methods, and are usually based on fiber-optics. ... Small business users have different requirements from private persons or those working at home. Due to its present large capacity, expected to last far into the future, Fiber-optics are well-suited for the last/first mile, meeting requirements for a longer period of time. Moreover (especially in the US) the costs of maintenance are expected to be lower for a Fiber-optic infrastructure than for a copper infrastructure. Fiber-optics therefore offers a safe basis for the relatively high investment costs for a new or renewed access network.
The technology for Fiber-optics in access networks is relatively young and is still being amply developed. ... This would especially be the case with further concentration, made possible by less attenuation in optical Fiber. ... A single-Fiber solution in a city of 100,000 houses and corporate housing (125,000 connections) would then require 100 patch cabinets, with the necessary fall back. ... There are estimates that the installation of a PON-based network costs 50% less than a network based on a direct Fiber to the user. ... The mini-star concepts commonly used in the Netherlands in combination with the Hybrid Fiber Coax networks are fundamentally examples of FttC with active components. ... It involved the installation of a Fiber-optic infrastructure for telephone and CATV services in a new housing estate. ...
The current development of FttH/C is mainly aimed at the improved optical technologies and improvements in the installation techniques for Fiber-optics and the consequently improved price-performance ratio.
Another important development for FttH/C is the Fiber-optic connectors. ... The Fiber-optic SFF connectors are about the same size as the RJ45 connectors. ... A Fiber-optic infrastructure can provide this. ... This is an argument for placing a Network Termination Unit (NTU) within the user’s home, to be managed from the infrastructure. ...
Reference 4 & 5
Passive Optical Networking (PON)
Passive Optical Networking is a network architecture being used to distribute fiber to homes and offices at a lower cost than the traditional point-to-point architecture. PON aims to break the last mile (the growing gulf between the capacity of metro networks on one side and end-users needs on the other with the last-mile bottleneck in between – fiber to homes) bandwidth bottleneck by targeting homes and businesses outside the metropolitan area. ...
Before PON was developed, the concept of installing fiber connectivity from the Central Office (CO) of a service provider to all subscribers (point to point) was cost prohibitive. ... Active components include:
• ONTs are used when the fiber extends into the customer premise. ONUs are used when fiber is terminated outside of the home. Optical Network Units (ONU) are placed within 500 feet of the home and includes a video coax drop and voice/data twisted pair interfaces. Optical Network Terminals (ONT) are placed within a customers home to convert optical signals into high-speed Ethernet data for the PC.
Approximate Word count = 4549
Approximate Pages = 18.2
(250 words per page double spaced)
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