Biology
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1. aerobic cellular respiration The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel. Aerobic means containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen. ATP synthase A protein complex that produces ATP. Autotroph An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms. Autotrophy use energy from the sun or from the oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones. C3 plant A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate. C4 plant A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end-product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle. Calvin cycle The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving atmospheric CO2 fixation and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. Chlorophyll A green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants; chlorophyll a can participate directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy...