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The purpose of this report is to evaluate the benefits of exercise, the risks of exercise and the importance of pre-screening for a subject with specific health conditions. Also following the evaluations some exercise recommendations shall be provided for the client. ...
Previous research into the subject area will be used as evidence to support the information provided. ...
Benefits of Exercise
Hypertension
A number of studies and reviews have been published concerned with the relationship between exercise and blood pressure. The common suggestion is that exercise does benefit people with hypertension but there is some controversy within the research. Hagberg, Park and Brown (2000) summarised the findings from 15 studies that included 74 groups of hypertensive patients who underwent endurance exercise training. ... This is supported by Gordon et al (1990) who agrees that exercise training does not result in complete normalisation of blood pressure in many patients. A more general statement by Hagberg, Park and Brown (2000) was that exercise programs decrease blood pressure in approximately 75% of people with hypertension with average decreases in systolic of 11 mm Hg and diastolic of 8 mm Hg. However the 15 studies used to obtain these statistics varied in subject characteristics and the exercise programs used, which introduces many different variables that could potential effect the results such as age, gender and mode of exercise, making the conclusions very general.
Another study by Baglivo (1990; cited by Gilders & Dudley, 1992) also found that exercise training resulted in a definite decrease in both SBP and DBP in 25 hypertensive patients, again the lack of subject details, such as age and gender, lowers the strength of the evidence. Exercise training is again found to reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension by Mcardle, Katch & Katch (1996), they summarised the findings of 40 studies on the subject and stated that 72% of the groups decreased their SBP by an average of 11 mm Hg, and that 77% of the groups decreased their DBP by an average of 9 mm Hg. The mass of evidence produced from this study along with the others mentioned must lead to the conclusion that exercise does benefit hypertensive patients, but more research is needed to investigate specifically who can benefit and from what sort of exercise.
The benefits of exercise experienced by hypertensive patients are briefly explained by Hardman (1996), who suggests that the dilation of blood vessels in active skeletal muscle which decreases the resistance to flow possibly contributes to the marked lowering of blood pressure during and after exercise. It has also been repeatedly reported that exercise can increase maximal vasodilatory capacity (Sinoway et al. ...
Hypertensive patients considering the benefits of participating in exercise programs must also consider the risks of not participating i. ... The exercise details used in this study are vague reducing its value as evidence but the large number of subjects examined over a long period of time helps to make any conclusions more reliable and therefore more helpful to the client.
Hypercholesterolaemia
A number of studies have been carried out looking at the effect of exercise on people with abnormal levels of cholesterol and how exercise changes levels of both LDL and HDL in the body. The general arguments are that total cholesterol and LDL are decreased following an exercise training program and that HDL levels actually increase. ...
Kokkinos & Fernhall (1999) examined physical activity and HDL cholesterol levels and found that there was a favourable increase in HDL levels after aerobic exercise training had been carried out. ...
A study focusing on LDL levels in response to exercise by Vasankari et al. ... Although the mean subject details were similar to those of the client the ranges (34-52 yrs and 24-44 BMI) showed a large variation within the subjects used. ... However this statement must be interpreted with caution as no information was given about the subjects used and the exercise details, therefore it is more of a general statement to support other more specific evidence.
A meta analysis of 27 longitudinal studies by Lokey & Tran (1989; cited by Shephard 1997) summarised that total cholesterol did decrease with exercise training, but also found that if the data was statistically adjusted for changes in body mass then there was no extra affect of exercise.
Approximate Word count = 3354
Approximate Pages = 13.4
(250 words per page double spaced)
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